Danh sách các từ viết tắt được sử dụng trong Y học

Những từ viết tắt và những kí hiệu dưới đây thường xuyên xuất hiện trong các cuốn sách y khoa chuyên ngành bằng tiếng Anh. Vì vậy việc hiểu các từ vựng viết tắt và kí hiệu dưới đây giúp bạn đọc tốt tài liệu chuyên ngành hơn.

List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions
Abbreviation	Latin	Meaning	Possible confusion
aa	ana	of each
AAA		apply to affected area
a.c.	ante cibum	before meals
a.d.	auris dextra	right ear	"a" can be mistaken as an "o" which could read "o.d.", meaning right eye
ad lib.	ad libitum	use as much as one desires; freely
admov.	admove	apply
agit	agita	stir/shake
alt. h.	alternis horis	every other hour
a.m.m.	ad manu medicae	at doctors hand
a.m.	ante meridiem	morning, before noon
amp		ampule
amt		amount
aq	aqua	water
a.l., a.s.	auris laeva, auris sinistra	left ear	"a" can be mistaken as an "o" which could read "o.s." or "o.l", meaning left eye
A.T.C.		around the clock
a.u.	auris utraque	both ears	"a" can be mistaken as an "o" which could read "o.u.", meaning both eyes
bis	bis	twice
b.d./b.i.d.	bis in die	twice daily
B.M.		bowel movement
BNF		British National Formulary
bol.	bolus	as a large single dose (usually intravenously)
B.S.		blood sugar
B.S.A		body surface areas
b.t.		bedtime	mistaken for "b.i.d", meaning twice daily
BUCC	bucca	inside cheek
cap., caps.	capsula	capsule
c, c.	cum	with (usually written with a bar on top of the "c")
cib.	cibus	food
cc	cum cibo	with food, (but also cubic centimetre)	mistaken for "U", meaning units; also has an ambiguous meaning; use "mL" or "milliliters"
cf		with food
comp.		compound
cr., crm		cream
CST		Continue same treatment
D or d		days or doses	ambiguous meaning, write out "days" or "doses"
D5W		dextrose 5% solution (sometimes written as D₅W)
D5NS		dextrose 5% in normal saline (0.9%)
D.A.W.		dispense as written (i.e., no generic substitution)
dc, D/C, disc		discontinue or discharge	ambiguous meaning
dieb. alt.	diebus alternis	every other day
dil.		dilute
disp.		dispersible or dispense
div.		divide
dL		deciliter
d.t.d.	dentur tales doses	give of such doses
DTO		deodorized tincture of opium	can easily be confused with "diluted tincture of opium," which is 1/25th the strength of deodorized tincture of opium; deaths have resulted due to massive morphine overdose
D.W.		distilled water
elix.		elixir
e.m.p.	ex modo prescripto	as directed
emuls.	emulsum	emulsion
et	et	and
eod		every other day
ex aq	ex aqua	in water
fl., fld.		fluid
ft.	fiat	make; let it be made
g		gram
gr		grain
gtt(s)	gutta(e)	drop(s)
H		hypodermic
h, hr	hora	hour
h.s.	hora somni	at bedtime
h.s		hour sleep or half-strength	ambiguous meaning
ID		intradermal
IJ, inj	injectio	injection	mistaken for "IV", meaning intravenously
IM		intramuscular (with respect to injections)
IN		intranasal	mistaken for "IM", meaning intramuscular, or "IV", meaning intravenously
IP		intraperitoneal
IU		international unit	mistaken for "IV" or "10", spell out "international unit"
IV		intravenous
IVP		intravenous push
IVPB		intravenous piggyback
kg		kilogram
L.A.S.		label as such
LCD		coal tar solution
lin	linimentum	liniment
liq	liquor	solution
lot.		lotion
MAE		Moves All Extremities
mane	mane	in the morning
M.	misce	mix
m, min	minimum	a minimum
mcg		microgram	Recommended replacement for "µg" which may be confused with "mg"
m.d.u.	more dicto utendus	to be used as directed
mEq		milliequivalent
mg		milligram
mg/dL		milligrams per deciliter
MgSO4		magnesium sulfate	may be confused with "MSO4", spell out "magnesium sulfate"
mist.	mistura	mix
mitte	mitte	send
mL		millilitre
MS		morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate	can mean either morphine sulfate or magnesium sulfate, spell out either
MSO4		morphine sulfate	may be confused with "MgSO4", spell out "morphine sulfate"
nebul	nebula	a spray
N.M.T.		not more than
noct.	nocte	at night
non rep.	non repetatur	no repeats
NPO	nil per os	nothing by mouth
NS		normal saline (0.9%)
1/2NS		half normal saline (0.45%)
N.T.E.		not to exceed
o_2		both eyes, sometimes written as o₂
od	omne in die	every day/once daily (preferred to qd in the UK^[4])
od	oculus dexter	right eye	"o" can be mistaken as an "a" which could read "a.d.", meaning right ear, confusion with omne in die
om	omne mane	every morning
on	omne nocte	every night
o.p.d.		once per day
o.s.	oculus sinister	left eye	"o" can be mistaken as an "a" which could read "a.s.", meaning left ear
o.u.	oculus uterque	both eyes	"o" can be mistaken as an "a" which could read "a.u.", meaning both ears
oz		ounce
per	per	by or through
p.c.	post cibum	after meals
pig./pigm.	pigmentum	paint
p.m.	post meridiem	evening or afternoon
p.o.	per os	by mouth or orally
p.r.	per rectum	by rectum
PRN, prn	pro re nata	as needed
pulv.	pulvis	powder
PV	per vaginam	via the vagina
q	quaque	every, per
q.a.d.	quaque alternis die	every other day
q.a.m.	quaque die ante meridiem	every day before noon
q.d.s.	quater die sumendus	four times a day	can be mistaken for "qd" (every day)
q.p.m.	quaque die post meridiem	every day after noon or every evening
q.h.	quaque hora	every hour
q.h.s.	quaque hora somni	every night at bedtime
q.1 h, q.1°	quaque 1 hora	every 1 hour; (can replace "1" with other numbers)
q.d., q1d	quaque die	every day	mistaken for "QOD" or "qds," spell out "every day" or "daily"
q.i.d.	quater in die	four times a day	can be mistaken for "qd" or "qod," write out "four times a day"
q4PM		at 4pm	mistaken to mean every four hours
q.o.d.		every other day	mistaken for "QD," spell out "every other day"
qqh	quater quaque hora	every four hours
q.s.	quantum sufficiat	a sufficient quantity
QWK		every week
R		rectal
rep., rept.	repetatur	repeats
RL, R/L		Ringer's lactate
s	sine	without (usually written with a bar on top of the "s")
s.a.	secundum artem	according to the art (accepted practice); use your judgement
SC, subc, subcut, subq, SQ		subcutaneous	"SC" can be mistaken for "SL," meaning sublingual; "SQ" can be mistaken for "5Q" meaning five every dose
s.i.d/SID	semel in die	once a day	used exclusively in veterinary medicine
sig	signa	write on label
SL		sublingually, under the tongue
sol	solutio	solution
s.o.s., si op. sit	si opus sit	if there is a need
ss	semis	one half or sliding scale	mistaken for "55" or "1/2"
SSI, SSRI		sliding scale insulin or sliding scale regular insulin	mistaken to mean "strong solution of iodine" or "selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor"
SNRI (antidepressant)		Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
SSRI (antidepressant)		selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (a specific class of antidepressant)
stat	statim	immediately
SubQ		subcutaneously
supp	suppositorium	suppository
susp		suspension
syr	syrupus	syrup
tab	tabella	tablet
tal., t	talus	such
tbsp		tablespoon
troche	trochiscus	lozenge
t.d.s.	ter die sumendum	three times a day
t.i.d.	ter in die	three times a day
t.i.w.		three times a week	mistaken for twice a week
top.		topical
T.P.N.		total parenteral nutrition
tr, tinc., tinct.		tincture
tsp		teaspoon
U		unit	mistaken for a "4", "0" or "cc", spell out "unit"
u.d., ut. dict.	ut dictum	as directed
ung.	unguentum	ointment
U.S.P.		United States Pharmacopoeia
vag		vaginally
w		with
w/a		while awake
wf		with food (with meals)
w/o, s		without
X		times
Y.O.		years old
μg		microgram	mistaken for "mg", meaning milligram
List of symbols used in prescriptions
Symbols	Latin	Meaning	Possible confusion
@		at	mistaken for "2"; spell out "at"
>		greater than	mistaken for a "7"
<		less than	mistaken for an "L"
℞	recipe	take, take this, or take thus